Primary brain abscess caused by nocardia otitidiscaviarum. The susceptibility patterns vary with different species of nocardia. Nocardia otitidiscaviarum gam5 isolated from a patient with an actinomycetoma produced signs similar to parkinsons disease following iv injection into nmri mice. Nocardiosis is an infectious actinomycetic disease with a. Nocardia asteroides is the most frequently isolated etiologic agent. It starts in your lungs or skin, and can cause serious problems if it gets into your bloodstream and infects other. However, the novel organisms consistently formed a clade distinct from that of the five latter species.
Fourteen days after bacterial infection, most of the. Naphthalene metabolism in nocardia otitidiscaviarum strain. Pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis due to nocardia. His history was questionable for a recent spider bite. In people with reduced resistance to infection immunodeficiency abscesses occur in the lungs and in other parts of the body, including the bowels.
Respiratory tract involvement is the most common presentation. We report on a rare case of pulmonary nocardiosis and brain abscess caused by nocardia otitidiscaviarum in an elderly woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This method is suitable for the rapid identification of nocardia spp. Nocardia are usually pathogenic opportunists in humans and animals whose host defenses are compromised. Nmri mice were infected intravenously with a nonlethal dose of 5 x 10 6 colony forming units of n. Human nocardiosis may present as an acute or a chronic infection. The most important causes of infection in transplant recipients are nocardia asteroides sensu stricto 1, n. Full text nocardia otitidiscaviarum pneumonia in an. Nocardien benannt nach dem franzosischen infektiologen edmond nocard sind. Nocardia otitidiscaviarum is a rare cause of pulmonary nocardiosis. We evaluated the usefulness of pcr amplification of a portion of the nocardia 16s rrna gene and subsequent restriction endonuclease analysis rea for species identification. Among the nocardial species, nocardia otitidiscaviarum formerly nocardia caviae as causative agent of pulmonary disease is rarely reported even in immunocompromised individuals. Early identification of the causative species and susceptibility results is crucial given the diverse resistance patterns amongst various nocardia species.
Species of the genus nocardia associated with infections in humansa. Some species are nonpathogenic, while others are responsible for nocardiosis. Multifocal ulcerations covered by bloody exudate on the right elbow upon arrival at the hospital. Summary the name nocardia otitidis caviarum sic snijders 1924 was proposed for an organism from the infected middle ears of guinea pigs in sumatra.
Nocardia brasiliensis is the most common nocardia species in cutaneous disease especially progressive and lymphocutaneous disease, although n asteroides and nocardia otitidiscaviarum have also occasionally been isolated. We report 2 renal transplant recipients presenting with pleural effusion and acute respiratory distress syndrome owing to n. Case report a protracted primary cutaneous nocardiosis due to. Nocardia induces parkinsonismlike alterations in mice brazilian journal of medical and biological research 2004 37. The present study was conducted to identify nocardia spp. Earth sciences dermatitis causas cuidado y tratamiento observaciones gatos enfermedades investigacion veterinaria informes. Pleuropulmonary nocardiosis due to nocardia otitidiscaviarum in a.
Nocardia farcinica, nocardia nova, nocardia brasiliensis, nocardia pseudobrasiliensis, nocardia otitidiscaviarum, and nocardia transvalensis. Comparative 16s rdna studies on six strains of actinomycete isolated from clinical specimens revealed that they belong to the genus nocardia and are closely related to nocardia seriolae, nocardia otitidiscaviarum, nocardia uniformis, nocardia pseudobrasiliensis and nocardia crassostreae. Nocardia is a genus of weakly staining grampositive, catalasepositive, rodshaped bacteria. Pleuropulmonary nocardiosis due to nocardia otitidiscaviarum. Cavitary pneumonia caused by nocardia otitidiscaviarum. Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of nocardia spp. Pdf rationale nocardia species are aerobic saprophytic bacilli.
Nocardia otitidiscaviarum infection of a traumatic skin wound. This name the nocardia of otitis of guinea pigs is a correctly formed binary combination, is validly published and legitimate. Disseminated nocardiosis caused by nocardia otitidiscaviarum in an. Among nocardia species, nocardia otitidiscaviarum n otitidiscaviarum is rarely reported in pulmonary infection. Pdf severe pneumonia due to nocardia otitidiscaviarum identified. A fatal case of nocardia otitidiscaviarum pulmonary infection.
Gram stain gram staining is the most sensitive method by which to visualize and recognize nocardia in clinical samples clinical specimens beaded gram positive rods, 0. Nocardia otitidiscaviarum is one of the less commonly isolated species of nocardia. Pdf current treatment for nocardia infections researchgate. About 1 ml of the supernatant is added to the carbonfree. Murray pr, baron ej, pfaller ma, tenover fc, yolken rh. Nocardiosis is a rare infection caused by the nocardia asteroides bacterium. Nocardia infections in solid organ transplantation clark. Nocardia infections are rare in humans, occurring more frequently in immunosuppressed patients. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns differ among nocardia species, making species identification important for treatment1. However, the prevalence of nocardial infections in general, and specific nocardia.
Primary cutaneous nocardiosis due to nocardia otitidiscaviarum. The microbiology laboratory needs to be informed if nocardia is suspected so that samples can be incubated for a longer period of time than usual. A rare case of nocardia otitidiscaviarum pneumonia, in an otherwise healthy 44yearold woman who complained of febrile illness associated with sore throat, dry cough, myalgia and diarrhea. Infections in immunocompetent individuals are usually chronic and present nonspecific symptoms. Nocardiosis often affects the foot and features persistent discharging abscesses madura foot. Disseminated nocardiosis due to nocardia otitidiscaviarum should be suspected in immunocompetent hosts with risk factors such as medication with prednisolone. Members of the genus nocardia are associated with the group of microorganisms known as the aerobic actinomycetes and belong specifically to the family mycobacteriaceae. Nocardia brain abscesses are commonly found in the brain stem, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex5, and the mortality rate for patients who develop brain abscesses is about 50%6. Common factors include long term corticosteroid use, malignancy, human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic obstructive pulmonary predisposing to nocardia infectionsdisease. This type of bacteria can be found in the soil and water of regions around the world.
Granules are most often seen in infections caused by n. More than 30 of the 80 nocardia species characterized have been associated with disease 2, 5, 6. We present a case of pulmonary nocardiosis with pleural involvement in an adolescent with rheumatic heart disease and congestive cardiac failure presenting with right lower lobe consolidation and pleural effusion. Although a saprophyte nocardia spp are responsible for superficial skin infections, pulmonary infections, and disseminated nocardiosis usually involving patients who are immunosuppressed and debilitated. Nocardia otitidiscaviarum, disseminative, lung, liver. Thermophilic aerobic nocardia otitidiscaviarum strain tsh1 was originally isolated in our laboratory on phenanthrene as the sole source of carbon and energy zeinali et al. Only four other cases of lymphocutaneous nocardiosis caused by nocardia otitidiscaviarum are reported.
Nocardia otitidiscaviarum has been infrequently reported as a cause of either localized or disseminated infection in humans. Nocardia otitidiscaviarum gam5 induces parkinsonianlike. We present a case of pulmonary nocardiosis with pleural involvement in an adolescent with rheumatic heart disease and congestive cardiac. Severe pneumonia due to nocardia otitidiscaviarum identified by. Diagnosing primary cerebral nocardiosis is difficult. A 31 yearold intravenous drug abuser with a diagnosis of fullblown aids, presented with high fever and.
Molecular study of persistence of nocardia asteroides and. Temperature growth range for this strain was 3055 c with the maximum growth rate at 50 c. The case demonstrated the difficulties of testing susceptibility of nocardiae in vitro and the necessity of prolonged antibiotic. Degradation of phenanthrene and anthracene by nocardia. Among nocardia species, nocardia otitidiscaviarum n otitidiscaviarum is.
The aim of the present study was to summarize the clinical characteristics of nocardiosis caused by nocardia otitidiscaviarum in order to improve the knowledge of nocardiosis. Nocardia asteroids among the nocardial genus is the most common pathogen, although nocardia brasiliensis, nocardia otitidiscaviarum, nocardia farcinica, nocardia nova and nocardia transvalensis. Rarer human pathogens include but are not limited to nocardia abscessus, nocardia africana,nocardia cyriacigeorgica, nocardia paucivarans, and nocardia veterana. Systemic infections of norcardia are rare and commonly occur in immunocompromised individuals7. Three nocardia asteroides and five nocardia otitidiscaviarum isolates recovered from three patients with longterm nocardiosis were compared by random amplification of polymorphic dna fingerprinting, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and enzymatic characterization. The nocardiae contain tuberculostearic acids but differ from the mycobacteria by possession of shorterchained 40 to 60carbon mycolic acids. Pdf cavitary pneumonia caused by nocardia otitidiscaviarum. Pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis due to nocardia nova in a catdermatite e paniculite piogranulomatosas causadas por nocardia nova em um gato. This work describes the first case of nocardiosis in italy caused byn. Nocardia infections in solid organ transplantation clark 20.
A case of primarynocardia otitidiscaviarum infection of a skin wound over an open fracture in a previously healthy adult who suffered multiple trauma in a car accident is reported. We herein describe a patient with a brain abscess caused by n. Genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of nocardia species. Determination of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of. May 21, 2015 nocardia is very slowgrowing and it can take up to four weeks for a positive culture. A 77yearold caucasian man presented to our institution with a 34week history of erythema and mild pruritus involving the left leg. Disseminated nocardiosis due to nocardia otitidiscaviarum. A fatal case of nocardia otitidiscaviarum pulmonary infection and. It forms partially acidfast beaded branching filaments acting as fungi, but being truly bacteria. Only 10 of 347 cases of infections due to nocardia in the united states 2. Identification of clinical isolates of nocardia to the species level is important for defining the spectrum of disease produced by each species and for predicting antimicrobial susceptibility. Nocardiosis definition of nocardiosis by medical dictionary.
Jul 11, 2008 nocardia otitidiscaviarum strain tsh1 dsm 45036, a moderate thermophilic bacterium which was originally isolated in our laboratory from a petroindustrial wastewater. Nocardiosis is a disease caused by bacteria found in soil or standing water. Taxonomic identification involved phenotypic testing, restriction fragment length polymorphism. Pulmonary nocardiosis owing to nocardia otitidiscaviarum. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. The pcrrflp technique is sensitive, less timeconsuming and inexpensive of biochemical tests. The organism was identified in cultures of pus specimens from the infected wound.
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